Introduction to Information Technology (BSc CSIT, CSC109): the questions likely to come
75 analyzed questions from 7 past papers (2074-2081), grouped by syllabus unit — each with its probability, how often it's been asked, and where to study the answer.
Explain the Internet and its services. Discuss the role of IP addresses, DNS and protocols in Internet communication.
The Internet
The Internet is a global, public network of interconnected computer networks that communicate using the standard TCP/IP protocol suite. It allows billions of devices worldwide to exchange information.
Internet Services
- World Wide Web (WWW): linked hypertext documents accessed via browsers using HTTP/HTTPS.
- Email: electronic messaging using SMTP, POP3, IMAP.
- File Transfer (FTP): uploading/downloading files between hosts.
- Remote login (Telnet/SSH): accessing remote machines.
- Search engines, social media, VoIP, e-commerce, cloud and streaming services.
Role of IP Address, DNS and Protocols
IP Address: A unique numeric identifier assigned to each device on the network (e.g. IPv4 192.168.1.1, or IPv6). It enables addressing and routing so data packets reach the correct destination.
DNS (Domain Name System): A distributed directory that translates human-readable domain names (e.g. tu.edu.np) into machine IP addresses. Without DNS users would have to memorise numeric addresses.
Protocols: Agreed rules that govern communication. Key ones:
- TCP/IP – core suite; IP handles addressing/routing, TCP ensures reliable, ordered delivery.
- HTTP/HTTPS – web page transfer (HTTPS adds encryption).
- SMTP/POP3/IMAP – email; FTP – file transfer; DNS protocol – name resolution.
Communication flow: A user types a domain → DNS resolves it to an IP address → TCP/IP breaks the message into packets, routes them across the network, and reassembles them reliably at the destination, where the relevant application protocol (e.g. HTTP) interprets the data.
Data Communication and Computer Network
Explain the Internet and its services. Discuss the role of IP addresses, DNS and protocols in Internet communication.
What is a computer network? Explain the OSI reference model with the function of each layer.
Differentiate between guided and unguided transmission media.
What is the World Wide Web? Differentiate it from the Internet and explain web browsers, search engines and URLs.
What is data communication? Explain the modes of data transmission and switching techniques.
What is a computer network? Explain different network topologies with their advantages and disadvantages.
What is a network topology? Explain the star topology.
Explain the bus, star and ring topologies.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of computer networks?
What is a protocol? Explain the TCP/IP protocol suite briefly.
Differentiate between the Internet and an intranet.
Explain the client-server and peer-to-peer network models.
Explain the types of computer networks (LAN, MAN, WAN).
Explain the components of a data communication system.
Sit a probable paper
A full mock exam built from the most likely questions, mirroring the real paper's structure. Every slot is a real past question.
Most Probable Paper
Mirrors the real structure · 60 marks · based on 7 past papers
- 1.[10 marks]
Explain the different types of software in detail with examples of each.
This question has recurred in 2 of 7 years; so far only in internal assessments, not the board; and its topic (Computer Software and Software Development) appears in 100% of years.
- 2.[10 marks]
Explain the Internet and its services. Discuss the role of IP addresses, DNS and protocols in Internet communication.
Asked once (2081); so far only in internal assessments, not the board; and its topic (Data Communication and Computer Network) appears in 100% of years.
- 3.[10 marks]
What is a computer network? Explain the OSI reference model with the function of each layer.
Asked once (2080); so far only in internal assessments, not the board; and its topic (Data Communication and Computer Network) appears in 100% of years.
- 1.[5 marks]
Explain the components of multimedia.
This question has recurred in 3 of 7 years; so far only in internal assessments, not the board; and its topic (Computer Security, Ethics and Emerging Technologies) appears in 100% of years.
- 2.[5 marks]
Differentiate between guided and unguided transmission media.
This question has recurred in 2 of 7 years; so far only in internal assessments, not the board; and its topic (Data Communication and Computer Network) appears in 100% of years.
- 3.[5 marks]
List and explain the characteristics of a computer.
This question has recurred in 2 of 7 years; so far only in internal assessments, not the board; and its topic (Introduction) appears in 100% of years.
- 4.[5 marks]
Differentiate between microcomputers, minicomputers and mainframe computers.
This question has recurred in 2 of 7 years; so far only in internal assessments, not the board; and its topic (Introduction) appears in 100% of years.
- 5.[5 marks]
Explain any four input devices of a computer.
This question has recurred in 2 of 7 years; so far only in internal assessments, not the board; and its topic (Computer System) appears in 100% of years.
- 6.[5 marks]
What is a DBMS? List its advantages.
This question has recurred in 2 of 7 years; so far only in internal assessments, not the board; and its topic recurs in 5 of 7 years.
- 7.[5 marks]
What is a network topology? Explain the star topology.
Asked once (2081); so far only in internal assessments, not the board; and its topic (Data Communication and Computer Network) appears in 100% of years.
- 8.[5 marks]
Explain the bus, star and ring topologies.
Asked once (2079); so far only in internal assessments, not the board; and its topic (Data Communication and Computer Network) appears in 100% of years.
- 9.[5 marks]
What are the advantages and disadvantages of computer networks?
Asked once (2079); so far only in internal assessments, not the board; and its topic (Data Communication and Computer Network) appears in 100% of years.
Behind the numbers
The raw evidence the predictions are computed from: marks per unit per year, syllabus weights, trends, and coverage.
Show the heatmap, topic table and coverage analysis
The receipt: marks per unit, per year
Each row is a syllabus unit, each column an exam year, each cell the marks that unit earned that year. Click any cell to see the actual questions behind it.
| # | Syllabus unit | Probability | Appeared | Avg marks | Syllabus weight | Exam vs syllabus | Trend | Questions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | U5Data Communication and Computer Network | Very likely100% | 15.7 | 16%7 lecture hrs | Balancedexam 21% · syllabus 16% | Steady | 1 recurring14 total | |
| 2 | U1Introduction | Very likely100% | 14.3 | 18%8 lecture hrs | Balancedexam 19% · syllabus 18% | Rising | 2 recurring12 total | |
| 3 | U2Computer System | Very likely100% | 12.9 | 20%9 lecture hrs | Balancedexam 17% · syllabus 20% | Fading | 1 recurring14 total | |
| 4 | U7Computer Security, Ethics and Emerging Technologies | Very likely100% | 10.7 | 4%2 lecture hrs | Over-examinedexam 14% · syllabus 4% | Steady | 1 recurring12 total | |
| 5 | U4Data Representation and Computer Arithmetic | Very likely100% | 9.3 | 16%7 lecture hrs | Balancedexam 12% · syllabus 16% | Steady | none repeat10 total | |
| 6 | U3Computer Software and Software Development | Very likely100% | 8.6 | 20%9 lecture hrs | Under-examinedexam 11% · syllabus 20% | Steady | 1 recurring9 total | |
| 7 | U6Database and Information System | Likely71% | 5 | 7%3 lecture hrs | Balancedexam 5% · syllabus 7% | Rising | 1 recurring4 total |
Study smart, not hard
Drag the slider: studying the top 5 units in priority order covers ~84% of all observed marks.
- ~80% line
Lecture time vs exam marks
Where the exam pays more than the curriculum spends: ● lectures vs ● exam marks, as a share of the whole course. A long teal-leading bar = high-yield unit.