SQL Fundamentals

Learn the fundamentals of databases, including tables, rows, columns, primary keys, and the difference between SQL and NoSQL databases.

Understand what SQL is, how it works, popular SQL dialects, and the difference between declarative and procedural languages.

Learn how to create, select, and delete databases using SQL commands.

Learn how to create tables with columns, data types, and constraints.

Understanding SQL data types: numbers, strings, dates, booleans, and NULL values.

Learn how to add new data to tables using the INSERT statement.

Master the SELECT statement to retrieve data from databases.

Filter query results using the WHERE clause.

Modify existing data in tables using the UPDATE statement.

Remove data from tables using the DELETE statement.

Use comparison operators (=, >, <, >=, <=, !=) to filter data.

Combine conditions using AND, OR, and NOT operators.

Advanced filtering with IN, BETWEEN, and LIKE operators.

Work with NULL values using IS NULL and IS NOT NULL.

Sort query results in ascending or descending order.

Control the number of results and implement pagination.

Rename columns and tables in query results using aliases.

Use COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, and MAX to analyze data.

Group rows and perform aggregate calculations on each group.

Filter grouped results using the HAVING clause.

Combine rows from multiple tables using INNER JOIN.

Preserve all rows from one table with LEFT and RIGHT JOINs.

Join a table to itself to find relationships within the same table.

Nest queries within queries for complex data retrieval.

Use correlated subqueries that reference outer query values.

Write cleaner queries using WITH and CTEs.

Combine query results vertically with UNION and UNION ALL.

Find common or different rows between query results.

Create relationships between tables using primary and foreign keys.

Enforce data integrity with UNIQUE, NOT NULL, CHECK, and DEFAULT constraints.

Speed up queries with indexes - learn when and how to use them effectively.

Ensure data consistency with transactions.

Understand Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.

Perform calculations across rows with ROW_NUMBER, RANK, and DENSE_RANK.

Group rows for window function calculations.

Learn to manipulate text with UPPER, LOWER, CONCAT, SUBSTRING, and more.

Work with dates using YEAR, MONTH, DATE_ADD, DATEDIFF, and more.

Create reusable virtual tables with views to simplify complex queries.

Write reusable SQL code with stored procedures and functions.

Manage database access with users, roles, and permissions.

Clean and standardize data using SQL techniques.

Common patterns for business analytics and reporting.

Write production-quality analytical queries.

Best practices for using SQL in application development.