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A

Section A: Long Answer Questions

Attempt any TWO questions.

3 questions·10 marks each
1long10 marks

Define context-free grammar (CFG). Convert the following CFG into an equivalent grammar in Chomsky Normal Form (CNF): S -> ASA | aB, A -> B | S, B -> b | epsilon.

cfgchomsky-normal-form
2long10 marks

What is a Pushdown Automaton (PDA)? Design a PDA that accepts the language L = { a^n b^n | n >= 1 } and trace its moves for the string 'aabb'.

pdacontext-free-languages
3long10 marks

Define a Turing Machine formally. Design a Turing Machine that accepts the language L = { a^n b^n c^n | n >= 1 } and explain its working with a transition diagram.

turing-machinerecursively-enumerable
B

Section B: Short Answer Questions

Attempt any EIGHT questions.

9 questions·5 marks each
4short5 marks

Write a regular expression for strings over {0,1} that contain at least one '0' and at least one '1'.

regular-expression
5short5 marks

State Arden's theorem and explain its use in obtaining a regular expression from a finite automaton.

arden-theoremregular-expression
6short5 marks

What is an ambiguous grammar? Show with an example that a grammar is ambiguous.

ambiguitycfg
7short5 marks

Eliminate left recursion from the grammar A -> Aa | b.

cfgleft-recursion
8short5 marks

Explain the conversion of a CFG into Greibach Normal Form (GNF).

greibach-normal-formcfg
9short5 marks

Define instantaneous description (ID) of a PDA and explain acceptance by final state and by empty stack.

pda
10short5 marks

Explain the working of a multi-tape Turing Machine.

turing-machine
11short5 marks

What is a Universal Turing Machine? Explain its significance.

turing-machineuniversal-tm
12short5 marks

Differentiate between recursive and recursively enumerable languages.

recursiverecursively-enumerable