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A

Section A: Long Answer Questions

Attempt any TWO questions.

3 questions·10 marks each
1long10 marks

Explain the construction and working of a Ruby laser with an energy-level diagram.

laser
2long10 marks

State Gauss's law and use it to find the electric field due to a uniformly charged solid sphere at points inside and outside the sphere.

electrostatics
3long10 marks

Derive the expression for the diameter of dark rings in Newton's rings experiment and explain how it is used to measure the refractive index of a liquid.

interference
B

Section B: Short Answer Questions

Attempt any EIGHT questions.

9 questions·5 marks each
4short5 marks

Define coherence and explain its importance in interference.

interference
5short5 marks

Derive the expression for capacitance of a spherical capacitor.

capacitance
6short5 marks

State Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction.

electromagnetic-induction
7short5 marks

Explain the principle of light propagation through an optical fiber.

optical-fiber
8short5 marks

Define forced oscillation and resonance.

oscillations
9short5 marks

State and explain Poynting's theorem.

electromagnetism
10short5 marks

Explain Fraunhofer diffraction at a single slit.

diffraction
11short5 marks

Define numerical aperture and derive its expression.

optical-fiber
12short5 marks

Write short notes on spontaneous and stimulated emission.

laser