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A

Section A: Long Answer Questions

Attempt any TWO questions.

3 questions·10 marks each
1long10 marks

Explain Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF). Differentiate it from 3NF and decompose a given relation into BCNF with an example.

normalizationbcnf
2long10 marks

Define a transaction and explain its ACID properties. Discuss the various states of a transaction with a state diagram.

transactionacid
3long10 marks

Explain concurrency control. Describe the timestamp-based protocol and the two-phase locking (2PL) protocol for concurrency control.

concurrency-controllocking
B

Section B: Short Answer Questions

Attempt any EIGHT questions.

9 questions·5 marks each
4short5 marks

Differentiate between the DELETE, DROP, and TRUNCATE commands.

sql
5short5 marks

Explain aggregate functions in SQL with examples.

sql
6short5 marks

What is a trigger? Explain with an example.

sqltrigger
7short5 marks

Differentiate between relational algebra and relational calculus.

relational-algebrarelational-calculus
8short5 marks

Explain lossless join and dependency-preserving decomposition.

normalizationdecomposition
9short5 marks

What is a deadlock in a database? How is it handled?

concurrency-controldeadlock
10short5 marks

Define schedule. Differentiate between serial and serializable schedules.

transactionserializability
11short5 marks

Explain the concept of a stored procedure.

sqlprocedure
12short5 marks

What is data redundancy? How does normalization reduce it?

normalization