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A

Section A: Long Answer Questions

Attempt any TWO questions.

3 questions·10 marks each
1long10 marks

What is relational algebra? Explain the fundamental operations of relational algebra (selection, projection, union, set difference, Cartesian product, and join) with examples.

relational-algebraquery
2long10 marks

Explain SQL with examples. Write SQL queries to create tables, insert data, and perform join, group by, and nested subquery operations on a given schema.

sqlquery
3long10 marks

Explain database recovery. Discuss log-based recovery techniques, deferred and immediate database modification, and the concept of checkpoints.

recoverylogging
B

Section B: Short Answer Questions

Attempt any EIGHT questions.

9 questions·5 marks each
4short5 marks

What is a deadlock in a database? How is it handled?

concurrency-controldeadlock
5short5 marks

Define schedule. Differentiate between serial and serializable schedules.

transactionserializability
6short5 marks

Explain the concept of a stored procedure.

sqlprocedure
7short5 marks

What is data redundancy? How does normalization reduce it?

normalization
8short5 marks

Explain the multivalued dependency and 4NF in brief.

normalization4nf
9short5 marks

What is a join? Explain inner join and outer join.

sqljoin
10short5 marks

Explain the difference between a strong and a weak entity.

er-model
11short5 marks

Differentiate between a file system and a DBMS.

dbms
12short5 marks

Explain the roles of a Database Administrator (DBA).

dbmsdba