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A

Section A: Long Answer Questions

Attempt any TWO questions.

3 questions·10 marks each
1long10 marks

Explain the structure of the Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm with a block diagram. Describe a single round of DES including the function F.

des
2long10 marks

Explain the structure of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. Describe the four transformations: SubBytes, ShiftRows, MixColumns and AddRoundKey with examples.

aes
3long10 marks

Explain the Diffie-Hellman key exchange algorithm with an example. Show how an eavesdropper can perform a man-in-the-middle attack on this protocol.

diffie-hellman
B

Section B: Short Answer Questions

Attempt any EIGHT questions.

9 questions·5 marks each
4short5 marks

Explain the Caesar cipher and the mono-alphabetic substitution cipher with examples of their cryptanalysis.

caesar-cipher
5short5 marks

Explain modular arithmetic and Euler's totient function. Compute phi(35) and phi(24).

modular-arithmetic
6short5 marks

Explain the ElGamal cryptographic system for encryption and decryption.

elgamal
7short5 marks

Differentiate between block ciphers and stream ciphers. Explain the different modes of operation of block ciphers.

block-stream
8short5 marks

What is a Message Authentication Code (MAC)? Explain how HMAC works.

mac
9short5 marks

Explain key management and key distribution in symmetric cryptography.

key-management
10short5 marks

State and explain Fermat's little theorem and Euler's theorem with examples.

fermat-euler
11short5 marks

Is a man-in-the-middle attack possible in the Diffie-Hellman algorithm? Justify your answer.

mim-attack
12short5 marks

Explain the families of SHA-2 and their differences from SHA-1.

sha2