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A

Section A: Long Answer Questions

Attempt any TWO questions.

3 questions·10 marks each
1long10 marks

Compare the OSI reference model with the TCP/IP protocol suite. Explain each layer of the TCP/IP protocol architecture in detail.

tcp-iposi-model
2long10 marks

What is routing? Explain the Link State routing algorithm (Dijkstra's) in detail with a suitable example.

routinglink-state
3long10 marks

Explain the distance vector routing algorithm. Discuss the count-to-infinity problem and the methods used to solve it.

routingdistance-vector
B

Section B: Short Answer Questions

Attempt any EIGHT questions.

9 questions·5 marks each
4short5 marks

What is the purpose of ICMP? List some common ICMP message types.

icmp
5short5 marks

Differentiate between symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography.

network-securitycryptography
6short5 marks

Explain the concept of port numbers and socket addresses.

transport-layer
7short5 marks

What is multiplexing? Explain FDM and TDM.

multiplexingphysical-layer
8short5 marks

Differentiate between guided and unguided transmission media.

transmission-media
9short5 marks

Explain the difference between LAN, MAN, and WAN.

network-types
10short5 marks

What is bandwidth? Explain Nyquist and Shannon's theorems.

bandwidthphysical-layer
11short5 marks

Explain various network topologies with their advantages and disadvantages.

topology
12short5 marks

What is framing? Explain bit stuffing and byte stuffing.

framingdata-link-layer