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A

Section A: Long Answer Questions

Attempt any TWO questions.

3 questions·10 marks each
1long10 marks

Discuss congestion control in the transport layer. Explain the leaky bucket and token bucket algorithms for traffic shaping.

congestion-controltraffic-shaping
2long10 marks

Explain the working of the Domain Name System (DNS) and the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) in detail.

dnsapplication-layer
3long10 marks

Discuss different switching techniques: circuit switching, message switching, and packet switching, with their advantages and disadvantages.

switchingnetwork-layer
B

Section B: Short Answer Questions

Attempt any EIGHT questions.

9 questions·5 marks each
4short5 marks

What is bandwidth? Explain Nyquist and Shannon's theorems.

bandwidthphysical-layer
5short5 marks

Explain various network topologies with their advantages and disadvantages.

topology
6short5 marks

What is framing? Explain bit stuffing and byte stuffing.

framingdata-link-layer
7short5 marks

Differentiate between the Stop-and-Wait and Sliding Window protocols.

flow-controlarq
8short5 marks

Explain the difference between connection-oriented and connectionless services.

transport-layer
9short5 marks

What is UDP? Explain the UDP header format.

udptransport-layer
10short5 marks

Explain CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) with an example.

cidrip-addressing
11short5 marks

Differentiate between a hub, a switch, and a router.

network-devices
12short5 marks

What is ARP? Explain how ARP resolves a logical address to a physical address.

arpnetwork-layer