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A

Section A: Long Answer Questions

Attempt any TWO questions.

3 questions·10 marks each
1long10 marks

Describe the medium access control sub-layer. Explain the CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA protocols with their working principles.

maccsma
2long10 marks

Explain the IPv4 datagram header format in detail. Differentiate between IPv4 and IPv6 addressing.

ipv4ipv6
3long10 marks

Discuss congestion control in the transport layer. Explain the leaky bucket and token bucket algorithms for traffic shaping.

congestion-controltraffic-shaping
B

Section B: Short Answer Questions

Attempt any EIGHT questions.

9 questions·5 marks each
4short5 marks

Explain the working of the HTTP protocol.

httpapplication-layer
5short5 marks

What is NAT? Explain its types and uses.

nat
6short5 marks

Explain the FTP protocol and its working.

ftpapplication-layer
7short5 marks

What is the purpose of ICMP? List some common ICMP message types.

icmp
8short5 marks

Differentiate between symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography.

network-securitycryptography
9short5 marks

Explain the concept of port numbers and socket addresses.

transport-layer
10short5 marks

What is multiplexing? Explain FDM and TDM.

multiplexingphysical-layer
11short5 marks

Differentiate between guided and unguided transmission media.

transmission-media
12short5 marks

Explain the difference between LAN, MAN, and WAN.

network-types