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A

Section A: Long Answer Questions

Attempt any TWO questions.

3 questions·10 marks each
1long10 marks

What is query processing? Explain the different steps involved in query processing and optimization with the help of a block diagram. Discuss how heuristic-based optimization transforms a relational algebra query into an efficient query plan.

query-optimization
2long10 marks

What is a distributed database management system (DDBMS)? Explain data fragmentation, replication and allocation techniques used in distributed databases with suitable examples.

distributed-database
3long10 marks

Explain the object-oriented database model. Discuss the ODMG object model along with the Object Definition Language (ODL) and Object Query Language (OQL) with examples.

object-oriented-database
B

Section B: Short Answer Questions

Attempt any EIGHT questions.

9 questions·5 marks each
4short5 marks

Why is hashing important to store data in databases? What is primary file organization?

file-organization
5short5 marks

Explain aggregation with a suitable example.

aggregation
6short5 marks

What is the ODMG object model? What is Object Definition Language (ODL)?

odmg
7short5 marks

Explain the different steps in query processing.

query-processing
8short5 marks

Why is query optimization essential in databases? What is heuristic optimization?

query-optimization
9short5 marks

Define fragmentation. Explain horizontal fragmentation with an example.

fragmentation
10short5 marks

What are the characteristics of NoSQL systems? Explain.

nosql
11short5 marks

What is the concept of an active database? What are triggers?

active-databasetriggers
12short5 marks

Write short notes on: (a) Big Data (b) Information Retrieval.

bigdatainformation-retrieval