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Section A: Long Answer Questions

Attempt all / any as specified.

4 questions
1long12 marks

(a) Compare and contrast the Waterfall model and the Spiral model of software development, clearly stating the conditions under which each is most suitable. (6)

(b) Suppose you are assigned to develop a web-based examination portal for a university where the requirements are likely to change frequently and the client wants working software delivered in increments. Recommend a suitable process model and justify your choice with reference to its phases. (6)

software-process-modelsrequirement-engineering
2long12 marks

For a Library Management System that allows members to search, issue, and return books and lets a librarian manage the catalogue:

(a) Draw a context-level (Level-0) Data Flow Diagram and explain its components. (5)

(b) Identify the main entities and draw an Entity-Relationship (ER) diagram showing relationships and cardinalities. (5)

(c) Differentiate between functional and non-functional requirements with two examples each from this system. (2)

system-analysis-designrequirement-engineering
3long12 marks

(a) Explain the three modes of the Basic COCOMO model (Organic, Semi-detached, and Embedded) and state the type of project each represents. (4)

(b) A software project is estimated to have 33.3 KLOC and is of the Semi-detached type. Using the Intermediate/Basic COCOMO coefficients (a = 3.0, b = 1.12 for effort; c = 2.5, d = 0.35 for development time), compute the estimated effort in person-months, the development time in months, and the average staffing required. Show all steps. (6)

(c) State two limitations of the COCOMO estimation technique. (2)

project-planning-estimationcocomo
4long12 marks

(a) What is software architecture? Explain any three architectural styles (e.g. layered, client-server, repository, pipe-and-filter) with a suitable diagram for each. (7)

(b) Differentiate between black-box testing and white-box testing. Explain how integration testing differs from unit testing and system testing. (5)

software-architecturetesting-strategies
B

Section B: Short Answer Questions

Attempt all / any as specified.

8 questions
5short6 marks

Explain the requirement engineering process. Why is requirement validation important, and what techniques are used to validate requirements?

requirement-engineering
6short6 marks

Define coupling and cohesion. Explain different types of coupling and cohesion, and state how they relate to a good modular design.

software-architecturesystem-analysis-design
7short6 marks

What is a test case? Design test cases using the boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning techniques for a module that accepts an integer marks value in the range 0 to 100.

testing-strategies
8short6 marks

What is software configuration management (SCM)? Explain version control and change control with the role of a baseline in SCM.

configuration-management
9short6 marks

(a) Differentiate between verification and validation. (3)

(b) Explain the four types of software maintenance (corrective, adaptive, perfective, and preventive) with one example each. (3)

quality-assurance-maintenance
10short6 marks

Explain risk management in software projects. Describe the activities of risk identification, risk projection, and risk mitigation, monitoring and management (RMMM).

project-planning-estimation
11short5 marks

What is the Capability Maturity Model (CMM)? Briefly describe its five maturity levels.

software-process-models
12short5 marks

Write short notes on any TWO of the following:

(a) Software quality attributes (ISO 9126) (b) Formal technical reviews (c) Reverse engineering and re-engineering

quality-assurance-maintenance